In 2025, the European Medicines Agency concluded that NAION should be listed as a very rare side effect of semaglutide medications, including Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus, after reviewing clinical studies, adverse event reports, and post-market safety data
A dose-response was not apparent
adult population using data from the Census Bureaus 2024 Current Population Survey (CPS), September 2023 Volunteering and Civic Life Supplement data from the CPS, and the 2025 KFF Benchmarking Survey with ABS and prepaid cell phone samples
This may result from concentration errors, pH changes, or degradation
Centrifuge at 4000 rpm at room temperature for 5 minutes and take the supernatant into an EP tube
Acknowledgments The authors thank the study participants, the staff of the outpatient clinic 8, and the inpatient ward team of the NIH Clinical Center